Element Data

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A table of properties of various elements. Including electronegativities (EN) as computed by Pauling, Allen, and Oganov & Tantardini. The Van der Waal radius of free atoms and in crystalline lattice as computed by SS Batsanov. The covalent radius in single, double and triple bonds. And the first 3 ionization energies.

CSV file

Element Electron Affinity En, Allen En, Pauling En, OT Vdr, isolated-crystal Covalent, single-double-triple Ionic radius Ionization energies kj/mol
Hydrogen 72.769 2.3 2.2 3.04 1.96E-10,1.099E-10 3.2E-11,?,? 1.54E-10 1312.050068162
Helium -48 4.16 NaN 4.42 NaN,NaN 4.600E-11,?,? 1.34E-10 2372.323460553,5250.601496092
Lithium 59.6326 0.912 0.98 2.17 2.719E-10,2.239E-10 1.33E-10,1.24E-10,? 2.199E-10 520.221645816,7298.278475229,11815.241504905
Berylium -48 1.576 1.57 2.42 2.32E-10,1.859E-10 1.02E-10,9E-11,8.500E-11 2.19E-10 899.504113409, 1757.10964549, 14848.733122833
Boron 26.989 2.051 2.04 3.04 2.05E-10,1.739E-10 8.500E-11,7.800E-11,7.300E-11 2.05E-10 800.637478872, 2427.073217434, 3659.747217949
Carbon 121.7763 2.544 2.55 3.15 1.85E-10,1.77E-10 7.5E-11,6.7E-11,6E-11 1.9E-10 1086.45311558, 2352.617768833, 4620.470433725
Nitrogen -6.8 3.066 3.04 3.56 1.7E-10,1.64E-10 7.100E-11,6E-11,5.4E-11 1.79E-10 1402.33099018, 2856.087720631, 4577.777584787
Oxygen 140.976 3.61 3.44 3.78 1.64E-10,1.579E-10 6.300E-11,5.7E-11,5.3E-11 1.71E-10 1313.943149846, 3388.674450127, 5300.476203547
Flourine 328.1649 4.193 3.98 4 NaN,1.46E-10 6.4E-11,5.9E-11,5.3E-11 1.63E-10 1681.047329446, 3374.17173334, 6050.402995265
Neon -116 4.787 NaN 4.44 NaN,NaN 6.7E-11,9.600E-11,? 1.56E-10 2080.662835223, 3952.327540816, 6119.420914046
Sodium 52.867 0.869 0.93 2.15 2.82E-10,2.57E-10 1.55E-10,1.599E-10,? 2.25E-10 495.845770055, 4562.44219921, 6910.282591161
Magnesium -40 1.293 1.31 2.39 2.449E-10,2.27E-10 1.390E-10,1.32E-10,1.27E-10 2.4E-10 737.749951392, 1450.683767728, 7732.685337517
Aluminium 41.762 1.613 1.61 2.52 2.469E-10,2.11E-10 1.26E-10,1.13E-10,1.11E-10 2.39E-10 577.5391694416865, 1816.6797163056683, 2744.7814196061413
Silicon 134.068 1.916 1.9 2.82 2.25E-10,2.06E-10 1.16E-10,1.07E-10,1.02E-10 2.32E-10 786.5179055112897, 1577.1354746262994, 3231.58468061671
Phosphorus 72.037 2.253 2.19 3.16 2.09E-10,NaN 1.11E-10,1.02E-10,9.4E-11 2.23E-10 1011.8118361459924, 1907.4666655004103, 2914.1130605852404
Sulfur 200.41 2.589 2.58 3.44 2E-10,1.809E-10 1.03E-10,9.4E-11,9.5E-11 2.14E-10 999.5894547229548, 2251.764114473803, 3363.4801888842
Chlorine 348.575 2.869 3.16 3.5 NaN,1.76E-10 9.9E-11,9.5E-11,9.3E-11 2.06E-10 1251.1869389621625, 2297.6679967074106, 3840.1179437059996
Argon -96 3.24264 NaN 3.57 3.08E-10,NaN 9.600E-11,1.07E-10,9.600E-11 1.969E-10 1520.57207143298, 2665.8590840621946, 3930.3317697704497
Potassium 48.383 0.734 0.82 2.07 2.77E-10,3E-10 1.96E-10,1.93E-10,? 2.340E-10 418.8105697780607, 3051.3499992387497, 4419.329301189957
Calcium 2.37 1.034 1 2.2 2.64E-10,2.61E-10 1.71E-10,1.47E-10,1.33E-10 2.699E-10 589.8301008294343, 1145.447265189333, 4912.375358964185
Scandium 18 1.19 1.36 2.35 2.52E-10,2.28E-10 1.48E-10,1.16E-10,1.14E-10 2.630E-10 633.0878262926502, 1234.9906143796418, 2388.6729063653393
Titanium 7.289 1.38 1.54 2.23 NaN,2.14E-10 1.359E-10,1.170E-10,1.08E-10 2.57E-10 658.8137219542164, 1309.8372146929848, 2652.547961662354
Vanadium 50.911 1.53 1.63 2.08 NaN,2.03E-10 1.34E-10,1.119E-10,1.059E-10 2.52E-10 650.9083856858329, 1411.9669846279799, 2828.092488938717
Chromium 65.21 1.65 1.66 2.12 2.23E-10,1.969E-10 1.22E-10,1.11E-10,1.03E-10 2.33E-10 652.8692579715097, 1590.6873280379384, 2987.0907391757296
Manganese -50 1.75 1.55 2.2 2.29E-10,1.96E-10 1.19E-10,1.05E-10,1.03E-10 2.42E-10 717.2759476882478, 1509.0303074970452, 3248.46962132396
Iron 14.785 1.8 1.83 2.32 2.340E-10,1.96E-10 1.16E-10,1.089E-10,1.02E-10 2.26E-10 762.4726017681975, 1562.9868591673787, 2957.37324353097
Cobalt 63.898 1.84 1.88 2.86 2.3E-10,1.95E-10 1.11E-10,1.03E-10,9.600E-11 2.22E-10 760.4022089328247, 1648.3947486796678, 3232.260078245
Nickel 111.65 1.88 1.91 2.26 2.26E-10,1.94E-10 1.099E-10,1.01E-10,1.01E-10 2.19E-10 737.1364973749927, 1753.0271562836037, 3395.0309066628897
Copper 119.235 1.85 1.9 2.43 2.3E-10,2E-10 1.119E-10,1.15E-10,1.200E-11 2.17E-10 745.4826753238985, 1957.9188683336733, 3554.6177176902697
Zinc -58 1.588 1.65 2.79 2.25E-10,2.02E-10 1.18E-10,1.2E-10,? 2.22E-10 906.4026247841475, 1733.3009142395133, 3832.7175154074507
Gallium 29.061 1.756 1.81 3.15 2.38E-10,2.08E-10 1.24E-10,1.170E-10,1.210E-11 2.33E-10 578.8449060279219, 1979.4109857196156, 2964.586490201107
Germanium 118.935 1.994 2.01 3.37 2.23E-10,2.13E-10 1.21E-10,1.11E-10,1.14E-10 2.340E-10 762.1799519758595, 1537.4568288180164, 3286.060323607072
Arsenic 77.65 2.211 2.18 3.45 NaN,2.16E-10 1.21E-10,1.14E-10,1.059E-10 2.31E-10 944.4519220568685, 1793.5859416869241, 2735.26390919903
Selenium 194.958 2.424 2.55 3.37 2.1E-10,NaN 1.16E-10,1.07E-10,1.07E-10 2.239E-10 940.9632038506243, 2045.10401846212, 3058.2969462725896
Bromine 324.536 2.685 2.96 2.07 2E-10,1.869E-10 1.14E-10,1.089E-10,1.099E-10 2.19E-10 1139.8598935812406, 2083.21574177277, 3364.54152801437
Krypton -96 2.966 3 2.13 NaN,NaN 1.170E-10,1.21E-10,1.08E-10 2.119E-10 1350.757193099377, 2350.3683087891245, 3457.8428860938598
Rubidium 46.884 0.706 0.82 2.52 3.22E-10,3.12E-10 2.1E-10,2.02E-10,? 2.4E-10 403.03177311478765, 2633.0415133035835, 3786.76153107109
Strontium 5.023 0.963 0.95 2.05 2.9E-10,2.780E-10 1.85E-10,1.569E-10,1.390E-10 2.79E-10 549.4714241651315, 1064.2603696404174, 4137.633493529009
Yttrium 29.6 1.12 1.22 2.59 2.73E-10,2.449E-10 1.63E-10,1.299E-10,1.24E-10 2.739E-10 599.8746654946121, 1179.398635595092, 1980.3054051502224
Zirconium 41.806 1.32 1.33 2.47 2.630E-10,2.25E-10 1.54E-10,1.27E-10,1.21E-10 2.68E-10 640.0961380252892, 1266.8529799211, 2235.5661496399002
Niobium 88.516 1.41 1.6 2.82 2.5E-10,2.13E-10 1.47E-10,1.25E-10,1.16E-10 2.510E-10 652.1301799954094, 1381.6705767304, 2415.9938017687996
Molybdenum 72.1 1.47 2.16 2.68 2.4E-10,2.06E-10 1.38E-10,1.21E-10,1.13E-10 2.44E-10 684.3157715446921, 1559.2036675952, 2617.6482365010997
Technetium 53 1.51 1.9 2.65 NaN,2.04E-10 1.28E-10,1.2E-10,1.099E-10 2.409E-10 686.9160524136086, 1472.3668296721999, 2851.1428451385
Ruthenium 100.96 1.54 2.2 2.7 NaN,2.02E-10 1.25E-10,1.14E-10,1.03E-10 2.37E-10 710.1806061469349, 1617.0948928772, 2746.9386396308996
Rhodium 110.27 1.56 2.28 2.88 NaN,2.02E-10 1.25E-10,1.099E-10,1.059E-10 2.33E-10 719.6747670931829, 1744.4555884975998, 2996.8357620981997
Palladium 54.24 1.58 2.2 2.36 NaN,2.05E-10 1.2E-10,1.170E-10,1.119E-10 2.15E-10 804.3830411479393, 1874.7108453821, 3177.2634142271
Silver 125.862 1.87 1.93 2.29 2.340E-10,2.13E-10 1.28E-10,1.390E-10,1.369E-10 2.25E-10 730.99578213858, 2072.930400747668, 3357.6910663559997
Cadmium -68 1.521 1.69 2.68 2.32E-10,2.17E-10 1.359E-10,1.44E-10,? 2.38E-10 867.7720996095953, 1631.404928369282, 3615.11404810996
Indium 37.043 1.656 1.78 3.05 2.44E-10,2.239E-10 1.42E-10,1.359E-10,1.46E-10 2.459E-10 558.2987023174746, 1820.7185941228427, 2705.850342487
Tin 107.2984 1.824 1.96 3.14 2.340E-10,2.29E-10 1.400E-10,1.299E-10,1.32E-10 2.48E-10 708.5806856508915, 1411.8772532287928, 2943.38286408782
Antimony 101.059 1.984 2.05 3.2 2.33E-10,2.33E-10 1.400E-10,1.33E-10,1.27E-10 2.459E-10 830.5836448568178, 1604.16585256422, 2443.347405714545
Tellurium 190.161 2.158 2.1 3.12 2.3E-10,NaN 1.359E-10,1.28E-10,1.21E-10 2.42E-10 869.3147077926096, 1794.627983742, 2686.1528530848
Iodine 295.1531 2.359 2.66 1.97 2.15E-10,2.03E-10 1.33E-10,1.289E-10,1.25E-10 2.38E-10 1008.3937452345921, 1845.8868043141922, 2853.0725526479
Xenon -77 2.582 2.6 2.02 NaN,NaN 1.31E-10,1.349E-10,1.22E-10 2.32E-10 1170.352523786914, 2023.78075048325, 2995.8709083435
Caesium 45.505 0.659 0.79 2.49 3.38E-10,3.309E-10 2.32E-10,2.09E-10,? 2.49E-10 375.704956155867, 2234.3552581777512, 3202.83203872665
Barium 13.954 0.881 0.89 2.61 3.05E-10,2.85E-10 1.96E-10,1.61E-10,1.49E-10 2.93E-10 502.8494157547073, 965.2229077465481, 3458.402501271586
Lathanum 53.795 NaN 1.1 2.24 2.86E-10,2.510E-10 1.799E-10,1.390E-10,1.390E-10 2.84E-10 538.089290458643, 1079.1850652169312, 1850.3289910008307
Cerium 55 NaN 1.12 2.11 NaN,NaN 1.63E-10,1.369E-10,1.31E-10 2.82E-10 534.3939005781419, 1057.09377364932, 1948.7537225177778
Praseodymium 10.539 NaN 1.13 2.24 NaN,NaN 1.76E-10,1.38E-10,1.28E-10 2.86E-10 527.794300895994, 1025.7360266215699, 2086.370813550639
Neodymium 9.406 NaN 1.14 1.9 NaN,NaN 1.739E-10,1.369E-10,? 2.84E-10 533.08169947175, 1040.40180369301, 2131.3619441323
Promethium 12.45 NaN 1.13 1.81 NaN,NaN 1.73E-10,1.349E-10,? 2.83E-10 538.5688227747289, 1055.35703689086, 2165.1318255468
Samarium 15.63 NaN 1.17 2.4 NaN,NaN 1.72E-10,1.34E-10,? 2.800E-10 544.5354783937936, 1068.86498945666, 2272.2305923185
Europium 11.2 NaN 1.2 2.29 NaN,NaN 1.679E-10,1.34E-10,? 2.800E-10 547.1092257844559, 1084.4956202828, 2396.6967266747997
Gadolinium 13.22 NaN 1.2 2.07 NaN,NaN 1.69E-10,1.349E-10,1.32E-10 2.77E-10 593.365762065406, 1165.15739417572, 1981.8096121538
Terbium 12.67 NaN 1.1 2.12 NaN,NaN 1.679E-10,1.349E-10,? 2.76E-10 565.770944680986, 1110.83612778611, 2105.3108927554
Dysprosium 33.96 NaN 1.22 2.02 NaN,NaN 1.67E-10,1.33E-10,? 2.749E-10 573.0314691851034, 1123.76516809909, 2208.5502445083
Holmium 32.61 NaN 1.23 2.03 NaN,NaN 1.66E-10,1.33E-10,? 2.73E-10 580.986688392605, 1136.6942084120699, 2198.9017069612996
Erbium 30.1 NaN 1.24 1.78 NaN,NaN 1.65E-10,1.33E-10,? 2.719E-10 589.303727758119, 1149.7197341005199, 2190.218023169
Thulium 99 NaN 1.25 2.68 NaN,NaN 1.64E-10,1.31E-10,? 2.71E-10 596.6954723728757, 1164.09605504555, 2282.8439836201997
Ytterbium -1.93 NaN 1.1 2.01 NaN,NaN 1.7E-10,1.289E-10,? 2.77E-10 603.4349758494551, 1175.113237643592, 2417.24811164991
Lutetium 23.04 1.09 1.27 2.32 NaN,NaN 1.62E-10,1.31E-10,1.31E-10 2.699E-10 523.5172006867843, 1363.3383553911, 2022.2755786259177
Hafnium 17.18 1.16 1.3 2.42 2.54E-10,2.239E-10 1.519E-10,1.28E-10,1.22E-10 2.64E-10 658.5194415590329, 1409.6513356167, 2175.7452168485
Tantalum 31 1.34 1.5 2.59 2.44E-10,2.13E-10 1.46E-10,1.26E-10,1.19E-10 2.579E-10 728.4231925724233, 1563.0630826139998, 2228.812173357
Tungsten 78.76 1.47 2.36 2.59 2.35E-10,2.07E-10 1.369E-10,1.2E-10,1.15E-10 2.53E-10 758.763887257344, 1579.4655964439, 2508.6197622199998
Rhenium 5.8273 1.6 1.9 2.72 2.38E-10,2.05E-10 1.31E-10,1.19E-10,1.099E-10 2.49E-10 755.8201184517544, 1601.657232802, 2605.10513769
Osmium 103.99 1.65 2.2 2.79 NaN,2.03E-10 1.289E-10,1.16E-10,1.089E-10 2.44E-10 814.1657898522182, 1640.25138299, 2412.13438675
Iridium 150.94 1.68 2.28 2.98 NaN,2.03E-10 1.22E-10,1.15E-10,1.07E-10 2.33E-10 865.1862915469993, 1640.25138299, 2701.59051316
Platinum 205.041 1.72 2.54 2.81 NaN,2.06E-10 1.229E-10,1.119E-10,1.099E-10 2.3E-10 864.3960763219001, 1790.7685687231997, 2798.07588863
Gold 222.747 1.92 2 2.92 NaN,2.13E-10 1.24E-10,1.21E-10,1.229E-10 2.26E-10 890.1310416087604, 1949.2940406204098, 2894.5612641
Mercury -48 1.765 1.62 2.26 2.25E-10,2.17E-10 1.33E-10,1.42E-10,? 2.29E-10 1007.0664924096269, 1809.7646094457334, 3327.7805999603
Thallium 30.8804 1.789 2.33 2.62 2.459E-10,2.25E-10 1.44E-10,1.42E-10,1.5E-10 2.42E-10 589.3603936191324, 1971.0321957138008, 2880.28142853044
Lead 34.4183 1.854 2.02 2.69 2.340E-10,2.36E-10 1.44E-10,1.349E-10,1.369E-10 2.49E-10 715.601144892302, 1450.4163102673995, 3081.4823819980306
Bismuth 90.294 2.01 2 2.85 2.4E-10,2.42E-10 1.51E-10,1.41E-10,1.349E-10 2.5E-10 702.9457467526925, 1611.5952264754098, 2467.2034147995023
Polonium 136 2.19 2.2 3.04 NaN,NaN 1.45E-10,1.349E-10,1.289E-10 2.5E-10 812.2206446827429, 1862.167746571, 2634.050750331
Astatine 233.087 2.39 2.2 3.04 NaN,NaN 1.47E-10,1.38E-10,1.38E-10 2.469E-10 899.0034507954797, 1725.1585134035997, 2564.5812799926
Radon -68 2.6 0.79 2.01 NaN,NaN 1.42E-10,1.45E-10,1.33E-10 2.429E-10 1037.0730582392948, 2064.7870350579997, 2836.6700388179997
Francium 46.89 0.67 0.9 2.15 NaN,NaN 2.23E-10,2.179E-10,? 2.579E-10 392.95995422560077, 2161.272410528, 3232.260078245
Radium 9.6485 0.89 1.1 2.22 NaN,NaN 2.01E-10,1.73E-10,1.589E-10 2.92E-10 509.29071188132167, 979.0544722616746, 2991.04663957
Actinium 33.77 NaN 1.3 2.62 NaN,NaN 1.859E-10,1.529E-10,1.400E-10 2.93E-10 519.1131257234563, 1133.7031617725, 1681.83657981757
Thorium 112.72 2.62 1.5 2.62 2.780E-10,2.429E-10 1.749E-10,1.43E-10,1.359E-10 2.889E-10 608.504317476649, 1167.4730431869998, 1767.6120786104
Protactinium 53.03 NaN 1.38 2.33 NaN,NaN 1.69E-10,1.38E-10,1.289E-10 2.85E-10 568.2988615183, 1148.175968093, 1794.627983742
Uranium 50.94 NaN 1.36 2.45 2.800E-10,2.17E-10 1.7E-10,1.34E-10,1.18E-10 2.83E-10 597.6352399299534, 1119.230355452, 1910.4104343059998
Neptunium 45.85 NaN 1.28 2.35 NaN,NaN 1.71E-10,1.359E-10,1.16E-10 2.800E-10 604.5329794223037, 1109.581817905, 1900.761896759
Plutonium -48.33 NaN 1.13 2.22 NaN,NaN 1.72E-10,1.349E-10,? 2.780E-10 581.3977160921072, 1109.581817905, 2035.841422417
Americium 9.93 NaN 1.28 2.28 NaN,NaN 1.66E-10,1.349E-10,? 2.76E-10 576.3853008364407, 1128.8788929989998, 2093.7326476989997
Curium 27.17 NaN 1.3 2.31 NaN,NaN 1.66E-10,1.359E-10,? 2.64E-10 578.0834434447127, 1196.418655828, 1939.356046947
Berkelium -165.24 NaN 1.3 2.08 NaN,NaN 1.679E-10,1.390E-10,? NaN 598.0018843567394, 1148.175968093, 2084.084110152
Californium -97.31 NaN 1.3 2.18 NaN,NaN 1.679E-10,1.400E-10,? NaN 606.0883236748801, 1157.8245056399999, 2161.272410528
Einsteinium -28.6 NaN 1.3 2.29 NaN,NaN 1.65E-10,1.400E-10,? NaN 614.3783471352626, 1177.121580734, 2190.218023169
Fermium 33.96 NaN 1.3 2.38 NaN,NaN 1.67E-10,?,? NaN 627.1549405549999, 1196.418655828, 2238.460710904
Mendelevium 93.91 NaN 1.3 2.47 NaN,NaN 1.73E-10,1.390E-10,? NaN 634.8737705926, 1196.418655828, 2344.5946239209998
Nobelium -223.22 NaN 1.3 2.06 NaN,NaN 1.76E-10,?,? NaN 639.3323597930687, 1247.5559048271, 2489.322687126
Lawrencium -30.04 NaN NaN 2.1 NaN,NaN 1.61E-10,1.41E-10,? NaN 478.5674623312, 1402.8973593337998, 2103.381185246
Rutherfordium NaN NaN NaN 2.27 NaN,NaN 1.569E-10,1.400E-10,1.31E-10 NaN 580.8419603294, 1384.5651379945, 2300.2113512048
Dubnium NaN NaN NaN 2.38 NaN,NaN 1.49E-10,1.359E-10,1.26E-10 NaN 656.100553196, 1350.79525658, 2228.812173357
Seaborgium NaN NaN NaN 2.51 NaN,NaN 1.43E-10,1.28E-10,1.21E-10 NaN 752.585928666, 1649.899920537, 2489.322687126
Bohrium NaN NaN NaN 2.48 NaN,NaN 1.41E-10,1.28E-10,1.19E-10 NaN 742.9373911189999, 1688.4940707249998, 2576.159525049
Hassium NaN NaN NaN 2.52 NaN,NaN 1.34E-10,1.25E-10,1.18E-10 NaN 733.2888535719999, 1756.0338335539998, 2827.021501271
Meitnerium NaN NaN NaN 2.66 NaN,NaN 1.289E-10,1.25E-10,1.13E-10 NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Darmstadtium NaN NaN NaN 2.73 NaN,NaN 1.28E-10,1.16E-10,1.119E-10 NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Roentgenium 151 NaN NaN 2.83 NaN,NaN 1.21E-10,1.16E-10,1.18E-10 NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Copernicium NaN NaN NaN 3.03 NaN,NaN 1.22E-10,1.369E-10,1.299E-10 NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Nihonium 66.6 NaN NaN 2.49 NaN,NaN 1.359E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Flerovium NaN NaN NaN 2.57 NaN,NaN 1.43E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Moscovium 35.3 NaN NaN 2.21 NaN,NaN 1.62E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Livermorium 74.9 NaN NaN 2.42 NaN,NaN 1.749E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Tennesine 165.9 NaN NaN 2.61 NaN,NaN 1.65E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN
Oganesson 5.40318 NaN NaN 2.59 NaN,NaN 1.569E-10,?,? NaN NaN, NaN, NaN